フラッパーのドレスはまっすぐでゆったりとして腕はむき出しになっており、脚にはシルクかレーヨンのガーター・ストッキングを着用していることが多い。スカートはひざ丈で、ダンス中や歩行中には風を受けて脚が見える。なかには脚を強調する目的でひざに頬紅を塗るフラッパーもいた[51][52]。シュミーズドレスの一種であるローブ・ド・スタイル (en:Robe de style) と呼ばれるタイプのドレスも好まれた。ハイヒールの靴も流行し、ヒールの高さは 5 cm から 8 cm程度のものが人気があった[42]。
^ ab“The Comedy Old Man and His Troubles”. The New York Times. (3 February 1907). "What are 'flappers'? Why, they are the young girls with their hair still hanging down their backs. They are the sort that can climb up ropes hand over hand and pose at the top."
^The Times (38574): p 15, col F, (February 20, 1908).
^“review of the 1911 comedy Lady Patricia”, The Times (39540): p 10, col C, (March 23, 1911)
^“Some facts about the ballet”, The New York Times, (31 March 1912), "タイラーは（演劇の世界で言うところの）「ポニー」と「フラッパー」との違いを次のように述べている。ポニーは年齢に関係なく駆け出しのダンサーを意味し、フラッパーはいまにも世に出そうな少女のことだ。フラッパーは子供でも大人でもない中途半端な年齢の女性で、ポニーを卒業してショウガールとなる女優を意味している。"。タイラーはタイラーは「世に出そうな」という言葉を「成人女性として正式に社会の一員となる」（オックスフォード英語辞典）という意味で用いている。当時の上流社会では、正式に社交界にデビューしていない10代の少女はまだ子供であるとみなされていた。社交の場においてこのような少女には、控えめで男性の目を惹かないような態度が求められていた。
^“£600 Damages For Breach of Promise”, The Times (40344): p 15, col D, (Oct 16, 1913), "I cannot bear to think of my flapper without an engagement ring."
^Daily News. (11 November 1918). p. 4. "One day, at noon, I was in a departmental office of the Ministry of Munitions... very young girls and flappers, and young women, and women who were elderly, came out to their lunches..."
^"Flappers flaunt fads in footwear"The New York Times (January 29, 1922). The article alleges the origin of the fashion was a Douglas Fairbanks costume in the film The Three Musketeers, in which he wore his boot-tops turned down.
^Strong, Marion in Brady, Kathleen (2001), Lucille: The life of Lucille Ball, Billboard, "The more noise the buckles made, the better they flapped, that's why we were called flappers".
^The Times (London, England): ‘Delivering Drunkards’, 2 December 1936, p. 15
^The New Brunswick Times, (24 February 1910), "「イングランドではかなり以前から10代の少女のことをフラッパーと呼んでいた……」"
^Praga, Mrs. Alfred (29 July 1917). “"Sporting" girls and the risks they run. An open letter to "The Flappers" of England”. The Weekly Dispatch: 7. "My dear “Flappers” – I wonder if any of you in your gay youthfulness ever realise what a lot of harm you are doing to your future happiness by the way you sometimes cheapen yourselves in the eyes of your men “pals”, as you love to call them..." The article goes on to describe flappers haunting public venues in order to "get off" with men.
^Graves, Robert; Hodge, Alan (1994), The Long Week End: a Social History of Great Britain, 1918–1939, pp. 33–34.
^The New Brunswick Times, (24 February 1910), "...a typical German girl of the well to do class between the ages of fifteen and seventeen. Before she gets to be fifteen she is simply a 'kid' as we say in this country. But for those two years she is a backfisch pure and simple." The article implies the girl is so designated to prevent someone no longer a child attempting to assume the airs of an adult woman: "These German frauleins dare not do so, because they know they are mere backfisches." The article concludes "And over in England, as I learned, they call a girl of about fifteen a 'flapper'. If I were still but fifteen I am sure I would prefer being a backfisch.”
^Pall Mall Gaz3 (2), (Aug 29, 1891), "Let us introduce the word 'Backfisch', for we have the Backfisch always with us. She ranges from fifteen to eighteen years of age, keeps a diary, climbs trees secretly, blushes on the smallest provocation, and has no conversation.", in the Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.), (1989).
^du Puy, President of the League of American Pen Women, Mrs William Atherton (15 October 1921), “Let Girls Smoke, Mrs Dupuy's Plea”, The New York Times, "そうだ、彼女たちはタバコを吸う。不摂生など気にしない。20年前には若い女性たちがカフェに押しかけて酒を飲むなどということはなかった。すべて禁酒法への反動がもたらしたものだといえる。".
^“Mothers Complain that Modern Girls 'Vamp' Their Sons at Petting Parties”, The New York Times, (Feb 17, 1922). An earlier article in the same newspaper rebutted an attack on the behaviour of American girls made recently in the Cosmopolitan by Elinor Glyn. It admitted the existence of petting parties but considered the activities were no worse than those which had gone on in earlier times under the guise of "kissing games", adding that tales of what occurred at such events were likely to be exaggerated by an older generation influenced by traditional misogyny:Dupuy, Mrs William Atherton (October 15, 1921), The New York Times.
^“Mme Nordica Buys No Paris Gowns”, The New York Times, (January 1, 1913)
^“Mme Nordica Buys No Paris Gowns”, The New York Times, (January 1, 1913), "...when a lady of uncertain age and very certain development attempts the same little costume because it looks well on the thin little girl, well – " And Mme. Nordica left the result to the interviewer's imagination."
^The Times: p. 11, (December 23, 1915), "…the jaunty little toque"
^“Pantomime At The Front, Soldier "Heroines"”, The Times (41050): p 7, col E, (Dec 30, 1915), "There was, for instance, a Maid Marian in the cast, who was described as a "dainty dam'sell" because she was a sergeant. There was something ridiculously fascinating about that sergeant, for he was in blue short skirts, a hat of Parisian type and flapper-like hair; and when she was instructing Ferdinand, a Bad Lad... in the use of the "glad eye", the great audience shouted with laughter."
^Lorrain, Jean (1936), La Ville Empoisonnée., Paris: Jean Cres, p. 279, "...the great voracious mouth, the immense black eyes, ringed, bruised, discoloured, the incandescence of her pupils, the bewildered nocturnal hair..."
^ abKriebl, Karen J (1998). “From bloomers to flappers: the American women's dress reform movement, 1840–1920”. Ohio State University: 113–28.
^ abcYellis, Kenneth A (1969年). “Prosperity's Child: Some thoughts on the Flapper”. The American Quarterly: pp. 44–64
^Lowry, Helen (1921年1月30日). “As the debutante tells it: more about Mrs Grundy and Miss 1921”. The New York Times
^Freedman, Estelle B. (1974). “The New Woman: Changing views of Women in the 1920s”. The Journal of American History: 372–93.
参考文献
Chadwick, Whitney (2003), The Modern Woman Revisited: Paris Between the Wars,
ISBN978-0-8135-3292-9.
De Castelbajac, Kate (1995), The Face of the Century: 100 Years of Makeup and Style, Rizzoli,
ISBN0-8478-1895-0.
Fass, Paula S. The Damned and the Beautiful: American Youth in the 1920s. 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-502492-0
Gourley, Kathleen. Flappers and the New American Woman: Perceptions of Women from 1918 Through the 1920s (Images and or of Women in the Twentieth Century). 2007. ISBN 978-0-8225-6060-9
Hudovernik, Robert. Jazz Age Beauties: The Lost Collection of Ziegfeld Photographer Alfred Cheney Johnston. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7893-1381-2
Latham, Angela J. Posing a Threat: Flappers, Chorus Girls, and other Brazen Performers of the American 1920s. 2000. ISBN 978-0-8195-6401-6
ウィクショナリーには、フラッパーの項目があります。
