以下の内容はhttps://sumita-m.hatenadiary.com/entry/2025/06/03/161324より取得しました。


Hagも

承前*1

英語でwitch以外に「魔女」を表す単語としてhagがありますね。


Another Old English word for 'witch' was hægtes or hægtesse, which became the modern English word "hag" and is linked to the word "hex". In most other Germanic languages, their word for 'witch' comes from the same root as these; for example German Hexe and Dutch heks. Its proto-Germanic form is reconstructed as *hagatusjon, whose origin is unclear.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witch_(word)

A hag is a wizened old woman, or a kind of fairy, witch, or goddess having the appearance of such a woman, often found in folklore and children's tales such as "Hansel and Gretel". Hags are often seen as malevolent, but may also be one of the chosen forms of shapeshifting deities, such as The Morrígan or Badb, who are seen as neither wholly benevolent nor malevolent. The word hag can also be synonymous for a witch.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hag

The term appears in Middle English, and was a shortening of hægtesse, an Old English term for 'witch'; similarly the Dutch heks and German Hexe are also shortenings, of the Middle Dutch haghetisse and Old High German hagzusa, respectively. All of these words are derived from the Proto-Germanic **hagatusjon- which is of unknown origin; the first element may be related to the word hedge.

As a stock character in fairy or folk tale, the hag shares characteristics with the crone, and the two words are sometimes used as if interchangeable.[citation needed]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hag

飽くまでも人間であるwitchに対して、hagは(「魔女」の場合もあるけれど)「妖精」や「女神」っといった超自然的存在者であることが多い。また(個人的偏見かも知れませんが)witchは若い女性というイメージがあるのに対して、(「ヘンゼルとグレーテル」の話が引かれているように)老婆というイメージが強い。
因みに、私がhagという英単語を知ったのは、ローリング・ストーンズの「ジャンピン・ジャック・フラッシュ」*2を知ったときのこと――”I was raised by a toothless bearded hag.”

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